Deika Morrison: Financial Security Tips + Tools

Showing posts with label Business. Show all posts

Sunday, February 15, 2009

Welcome To The Adjustment Club

Many of us are used to a certain lifestyle. Quite frankly, we balk at the idea of certain products, services or even a change in the way we used to do things.

Generally, if one moves from limited resources to what some believe to be "unlimited" resources (although there is no such thing), it's so easy to adjust one's lifestyle from the "limited" to the "unlimited". Yet for some, it's not just hard, it's downright painful to adjust the other way - from what some thought was "unlimited" to moderation or budgeting.

Well, the world has changed. "Unlimited" does not exist. And "limited" is where it is at. So let me introduce you to the "Adjustment Club". Here's how it works.

First, all the people in the world are members. No one singled you out. The world underwent a radical shift. Like an earthquake, we are still feeling the aftershocks. Like a hurricane, some countries still continue to be hit, while others (like Jamaica) are feeling the outer bands hoping to be spared a direct hit. You get the picture. So we are all in this "Adjustment Club"

Second, we are all adjusting to the same relative place. That place is survival in the short term, and sustainability in the long term. As long as the markets remain volatile, and until the various global stimulus plans kick in all over the world to get the global economy growing again, all of us are living in a heightened state of uncertainty that was imposed on the majority of us. So, we are all heading to the same level of adjustment - survival in the short term, sustainability in the long term

Third, the amount of adjustment does depend on your particular circumstances. So, if you are super conservative like I am, I have relatively little adjustment to do. If you have always been seized with the importance of money management, then you have little adjustment to do. If you have always budgeted, and are fairly committed to your budget, then you have very little adjustments to do. However, if you are more of a risk taker, was never interested in money management, or have a generous budget for your expenses etc., you have more of an adjustment to do because you have to accept that all these factors are critical for the short term and the long term, and then you have to learn how to do them, and then you have to be committed to doing them. If money management and conservatism is not your thing, or does not come naturally to you, please remember that we are all in this adjustment club. It's just something we all must do.

Fourth, you can ease the pain of adjustment and speed up the time it takes to adjust. We know what the external environment is like, and how quickly things are changing. We know nothing is certain but uncertainty. To waste time being upset and frustrated about things you have no control over robs you of precious time to do more productive things to ease your adjustment.

A few adjustment basics:

Priority 1: Develop a sizable Emergency Savings Fund (not with an Investment Product)

Quickly develop a budget if you don't have one, and adjust your budget if you do have one. Be realistic - so reduce inflows and increase expenses for budgetary purposes. Don't forget contingencies. If budgeting is difficult for you, seek help if you need to.

Commit to managing and reducing your expenses. What can you do with less of? What can you give up all together? All members of the Adjustment Club are sacrificing something. Some members are sacrificing much more than others. What are you willing to sacrifice?

Avoid taking on debt if you can, manage what you have. If you can, pay down the higher interest rate debt first. But don't eliminate your savings or your retirement funds to pay down debt.

Ensure you are as productive at work as you possibly can be. That way you are more likely to be viewed as a valuable member of the team which is likely to make management think twice if and when redundancies happen

If you are made redundant, or volunteer for redundancies (like some programs offered by some companies), do not squander your redundancy payment. You do not know when you will have a steady flow of income again, and monthly obligations don't go on a holiday because you are unemployed. Take your redundancy payment and place it is a solid, conservative deposit-taking licensed JDIC insured (FDIC insured if you are in the US) financial institution - i.e. in a savings account not investment - until you find the best method to allocate it. It not not prudent to use all your redundancy for any investment - whether an investment product or a business. If you are being sold a financial product, and you are not sure if it is an investment, ask for clarification and get a second opinion. The absolute worst time to speculate or take risks is with your redundancy payment.

Look for alternative means of supplementing your income - as long as it doesn't interfere with your full time job, conflict with your full time job, and importantly is not prohibited by your full time job. So perhaps you can tutor students, sell your amazing digital photographs, start a blog and monetize it etc. Your options depends on what talents, interests and skills you have.

Those are just a few ideas about the basics.

This is no time for any of us in the Adjustment Club to bury our heads in the sand.

It is time to make this adjustment as painless as possible. We didn't ask to be in the Adjustment Club, but here it is and it is not going away. So let's make the best of it.

There was a world before all the excess. It's not like we are adjusting to a completely different reality.

Likewise, there was a world of depression and war, and then war again. So it could be worse. Let's not help it get there. Like good club members, each of us needs to do our own adjustment, and help our fellow club members in theirs.

Wednesday, February 11, 2009

4 Things You Must Know About Investing

Image via Wikipedia

As promised, I am venturing into some investing basics.

But, wait, before you get excited, I have no hot stock tips.

In fact, that is exactly what this post is about - what you need to know before you listen to other people.

So, although these are just a few basics, here are 4 "must knows", in my humble opinion:

Saving and Investing are two completely different concepts. Yes, I know I probably sound like a broken record, but after what has happened in the world - both close to home and abroad - I feel like this point must be made again and again: You must save, you do not have to invest. When you invest, you are taking a risk that you could lose your entire principal. That is the reality. And you take that risk in expectation of a higher return than you can get on money you save. On the other hand, when you save, a portion of your saving in a regulated licensed deposit-taking institution is insured to a limit. Some people use the terms "saving" and "investing" interchangeably but in reality they are not. Quick Tip: Given the proliferation of financial products and Ponzi schemes, make sure you get details of what happens to your principal. Just ask. These days, return of principal is just as, if not more important than return on principal.

Your savings, obligations and age matter - a lot! In other words, don't invest until you have a comfortable cushion of savings. Experts say 3-36 months of salary. In this environment of uncertainty in the cost of living and job losses, 3 months worth of savings is far too low in my humble opinion. If you have high expenses and obligations, then you cannot afford to risk money that you could lose (remember, that is what an investment is). Finally, the older you get, the less risk you can afford to take. That makes sense because your potential working years are declining, and you are coming closer to retirement.

Do not invest in things you do not understand. How many times have people tried to convince you of "a sure thing", and told you "here's a hot tip"? It may very well be, but if the person telling you cannot explain the investment and why it's such a "hot tip" or a "sure thing", then that's grounds to doubt it. And it would be prudent to understand what influences the investment - what external factors are likely to make the investment do well or do badly. No one is expecting you to be an expert, but it's your money - you should be able to evaluate if what the "expert" says makes sense.

Know Yourself. Believe it or not, this is one of the most critical things about investing - knowing your own risk-tolerance. You may get a great tip, understand what the investment entails, understand that it's an investment (as opposed to savings), but it may just be too risky for you. On the other hand, remember that not all investments carry the same risk, and some - under the right circumstances once you have sufficient savings tucked away - may just be right for you.

Saturday, February 7, 2009

Companies, Sectors, Trends and Strategies for 2009

Image by Getty Images via Daylife

A very good piece from Kilpinger on career trends for 2009.

In a very short article, it's packed with:

Sectors
Specific job functions
General trends
Companies likely to weather these challenging times
Workplace strategies

A worthwhile read.

Thursday, February 5, 2009

The Easy Way to Make a Budget

Image via Wikipedia

Remember, money management begins with a realistic assessment of your financial status. See my earlier post here: More Money - The Basics.

It's time to make sure your budget is realistic, and if you don't have a budget then you need to make one.

Budgeting and sticking to the budget is critical to money management. The most successful budget will be the one you make for yourself - only you know what you are realistically willing to do and not do. By all means, get advice. And another opinion of someone you trust is always helpful to give you ideas. But be honest with yourself about your priorities. After all, it is your money that you're spending.

If you are not familiar with budgeting software (are there are tons), start with Microsoft Excel. You are just entering what money comes in and what money goes out - categories and amounts. Excel makes it easy to increase and decrease numbers in each category to see how you can get a better result.

This is a great post I happened upon: How to Make a Budget in 10 Easy Steps

It's a worthwhile read on how to make a budget - easily!

Wednesday, February 4, 2009

FREE Online Personal Finance Courses

Image by Omega Man via Flickr

Check out this article in today's Wall Street Journal about the sharp increase in online personal finance courses: A Boost in Online Money Management.

What's the trend? People are arming themselves with knowledge to make informed decisions. Even if you use a financial adviser, it would be prudent to ensure that you have enough of your own knowledge to evaluate if his or her recommendations are appropriate for you, your particular financial situation, your goals, and your risk tolerance which determines not only investing, but also how much money you feel is a comfortable cushion of savings in the current environment.

There are many FREE and paid services you can enjoy from the comfort of your own home!

From the article: "Popular courses included those on reducing spending, and ways of saving and creating a priority spending plan. "

With a little due diligence to ensure the information is credible, do yourself a huge favor and check out some FREE or paid personal finance courses!

What's a small investment of your time if it saves or makes you money for your own financial security?

Sunday, February 1, 2009

Plan to Take Action in 2009

Image via Wikipedia

I remember watching the opening bell on the first day of trading. Trading is a speculative activity, involving risk with the hope of reward.

And here was perhaps the most famous personal finance expert/author, Suze Orman - someone who counsels about money management, the virtues of saving, the importance of managing debt, and taking risks only when you have evaluated them, understand them and can do so depending on your age and stage in life - doing the honors.

It was a very interesting note to start the year. And to me it signaled that this should be the year of financial literacy, and greater risk/reward determination, and ultimately responsibility.

About Economy
Read the Article at HuffingtonPost

Saturday, January 31, 2009

Hear Ye Hear Ye! Companies That ARE Hiring!

Image via Wikipedia

I was just watching CNNMoney and heard about this article on Fortune.com. Here's an excerpt from an article "They're Hiring!"

"As many big companies are announcing mass layoffs, these 20 top employers have at least 350 openings each right now. Which Best Companies to Work For are doing the most recruiting and what kind of candidates are they looking for?"

Here are the links from each page of the slide show attached to the article. The Companies are:

A Kiplinger Article - Where The Jobs May Be

Image by ForestForTrees via Flickr

Kiplinger.com (the online version of Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine) recently published a very interesting article - 13 Hot Jobs in Hard Times - on where the jobs may be in a Recession and/or Depression. Check the article out for details on the categories:

Accountants
Education
Entertainment Industry
Utility Companies
Repairers
Energy Industry
Health Care
Senior Services
Law enforcement
"Sin" Industries (see article for their definition)
Clergy
Repossession, foreclosure and debt collection
Government Work

Thursday, January 29, 2009

Spend Less on Health Care - 3 Quick Tips

Image by Betsssssy via Flickr

No one wants to think about getting sick, but it happens. Plus, there's regular health maintenance all of us have to do - annual checkups etc. One thing we know for sure - health care is very expensive. Here are 3 quick tips to bring down those healthcare costs.:

1. Get health insurance.

For some people it's part of your benefits package at work; while others debate whether or not they should pay the premiums. Well, why do you pay premiums? So that the insurance company will cover the costs of certain covered activities up to the limit of the insurance that you have bought.

Health insurance is worth it, and here's why:

Health insurance covers a wide range of things - doctors visits, dentist visit, optician visits, prescriptions, hospitalizations etc. Other than hospitalizations, I think health care provider visits (doctor etc.) and prescriptions are pretty unavoidable for most people. Since you have to spend money regularly on health-care, why not pay the least that you can for each visit/prescription/event?

Here's the key: if you have an unexpected health catastrophe at any age, comprehensive major medical benefit covers you so you don't have to look first to wiping out savings, going into debt or cashing in investments.

What do you need to know about health insurance? You pay a fraction of the cost up to a limit.

Consider this.

My recent visit to the dentist cost J$6000. BUT, when I took out my insurance card, I actually paid J$1200. That's right. I saved J$4800 just by making sure that I had health insurance and had the card. I paid 20% of the cost that was quoted to me. I saved 80%.

Prescriptions with insurance can be hundreds of dollars instead of thousands of dollars.

If American Express would allow me to borrow their tag line, I'd say "I never leave home without my insurance card"

2. Get a NHF card.

A NHF card is a National Health Fund card, and no you don't have to be a senior citizen to qualify. If you live in Jamaica, if you have a NHF card, the government will subsidize the cost of certain prescriptions in certain categories of illness.

NHF and your insurance card work well together. So let's say you need Drug A. Drug A is covered by NHF and the Government pays a portion. Then, the pharmacist will determine if your insurance will pick up another portion, and how much. Then you pay what's left between the original cost and what NHF paid and what your insurance paid.

Now, why get an NHF card? Because it will allow your insurance benefits to last longer - you will take longer to reach your prescription limits and therefore receive more subsidies by using both.

What illnesses does NHF cover? Here's the list (click here):

Cancer: Breast Cancer, Prostate Cancer

Cardio-vascular: Hypertension, Ischaemic Heart Disease, Rheumatic Fever/Heart Disease, High Cholesterol, Vascular Disease

Endocrine: Diabetes

Neurological: Epilepsy, Major Depression, Psychosisoptical

Optical: Glaucoma

Respiratory: Asthma

Musculo-skeletal; Arthritis

Geneto-urinary: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

NHF has a specific list of drugs in each category and the amount of subsidy for each. Here is the link for the Drug Subsidy List. For information about how to apply for a NHF card, click here.

3. Prevention and Wellness

Generally speaking, it's less expensive to avoid illness than to treat it or cure it. Take the time to adopt a healthy lifestyle with proper nutrition, diet, exercise and rest. Besides, the better you treat your body, the more you strengthen it to fight illnesses that you may not have been able to avoid!

Wednesday, January 28, 2009

Reducing Bills! - Electricity Bills, Phone Bills, Water Bills

Image by Getty Images via Daylife

I was supposed to be writing about benefits and rewards tonight, but let's have a change of topic.

Anyone catch today's local paper? 15% increases by retailers because of the depreciation of the dollar. WOW! Well, my first thought is that those discounts will definitely come in mighty handy now! If you missed yesterday's post on the value of discounts, check it out here: Earn And Save - Real $$$ with Discounts!

Where else can we can possibly cut some expenses right away. Let's try the utilities - electricity, phone/internet and water.

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Electricity

If you live in Jamaica, you probably think it's impossible to save money here. We all had those astronomical bills earlier in the year. (If you are elsewhere, you may still find this story useful because its about changing consumption habits)

If you already understand your bill, forgive this boring part. Here's what you need to know to manage your electricity bill. The bill is determined by the consumption and the rate. The rate is driven by oil prices and depreciation. By law, JPS (the local utility company) is allowed to request a rate increase. So, when your bill is increasing, one or more of these scenarios if happening:

Constant consumption, higher rate due to a rate increase. A rate increase in not something you can control.
Constant consumption, higher rate due to oil prices. Oil prices are outside of your control.
Constant consumption, higher rate due to depreciation. Depreciation is outside of your control.
Higher consumption, constant rates. Rates are outside of your control, but you can do something about consumption.
Higher consumption, higher rates. Rates are outside of your control, but you can do something about consumption.

What can you control? Consumption. Reduce Consumption!

So, what's happening now. Well, oil prices are down (YAY!), but depreciation is way above average. So, in November we had a 2% depreciation, in December we had a 3% depreciation and now in January we are at 5.6% depreciation so far for the month. So, should you expect a higher rate? I am. A depreciating dollar means the rate is going up, regardless of what happens to oil prices. And I've also braced myself for the rate increase JPS will ask for in a few months.

So, in anticipation of that, what have we done here at home? Read on.

We found out what really uses up electricity in the house. So here's what the electrician told me - the electric stove, toaster oven, washing machine, dryer, dishwasher, water heater and air conditioners. Here are some tips 1) use energy saving light bulbs and appliances (turn off the lights when you are not in the rooms), manage your water heater (turn it off when you can, or spend the money for a timer - we just manage ours), manage the use of the stove, the dishwasher and the toaster oven (don't use it if you don't have to, so make sure the dishwasher is full, etc), manage the air conditioners (don't use them when you don't need them, turn them off if no one is in the room and use fans as much as possible if you need a substitute), and manage the iron (turn it on once and do a lot of ironing rather than turn it off and on repeatedly). Even though these are not big ticket items, try to unplug whatever you can when you can. So, for example, when you are not using your cell phone charger to charge your phone, don't keep it plugged in because it's still increasing your consumption!

We had a meeting with everyone in the house and decided we would have an "Electricity Police". I appointed myself. As the Electricity Police, I announced that there would a $100 fine for every incident that resulted in wasted electricity. Examples include: leaving on a light, leaving on a fan, leaving on the air conditioning, using the air conditioning unnecessarily etc. Everyone immediately complained - loudly - that the fine was completely unreasonable. To which I responded: "Oh, so since no one objects to the principle of a fine, the fine shall be $10 per incident with possibility of escalation if behavior does not change". The proceeds from the fines shall go into a common pool for all the members of the house. Quick Tip: make sure you agree on what is considered "unnecessary use of electricity" because people will debate fines. We are in our first month, and truthfully, I have relaxed the fines. They are being charged but not collected. BUT, the objective is being achieved - we have been much more responsible in the use of the electricity in the house and I have a log of the offenders for future use. For now, as the Electricity Police, I just turn off the lights etc,. However, if I am not satisfied with the consumption levels at the next bill, then the fines shall be imposed AND collected.

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On to the phone, mobile in particular:

OK, maybe I am alone in this, but I was not the most cost efficient when it came to mobile phones. Prior to my experiments, I had 3 mobile phones - 1 regular mobile phone with carrier "A", a blackberry number with carrier "A" (the blackberry did not work but I never disconnected the number) and a company mobile number. Three phones for someone who does not talk on the phone. No, it was time to look at this situation.

Almost all of the people I talk to use carrier "B". I however had a number carrier "A". So minute for minute it was costing me much more to talk to the few people I did. Then I realized that I use blackberry messenger much more than talking, so I got a blackberry with carrier "B" so that would save me and my family and friends money when we did talk on the phone. My plan reflects my usage - I don't talk much so I don't need a lot of minutes.

But wait, sounds like I got a 4th phone. I had. BUT, I permanently disconnected the blackberry number from carrier "A" which I was never using but paying for. Saved me thousands of dollars every month. Then, since everyone already know my other number I kept it but revised the plan. Good thing I looked! The plan was the most expensive for the most minutes, but I don't talk on the phone. So I took it to the bare minimum. Saved me thousands of dollars every month AGAIN!.

And here's the bonus! My new carrier "B" reduces my bill by $100 every month because I pay online!

Bottom Line: Check your phone plans and get only what you need. Be realistic.

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A quick word on water.

Leaky pipes are an unnecessary expense that adds up. Check your bills every month and watch your consumption. If it seems to be moving suspiciously, you may have a leak that you don't know about. Have an audit done and have it fixed. It'll save you in recurring expenses for an indefinite period. I've seen water bills that had deviations in the thousands of dollars. Left unchecked, that will be thousands of dollars you have to pay every month. Totally unnecessary.

A special plug here for for conservation: The world's water resources are limited. It looks like a lot but freshwater available for potable use for human consumption is about 1% of all the water in the world. And much of it is polluted by human and industrial sources. And the human population has significant demands. So do yourself a favor, literally, and conserve every drop because it is very precious.

Tuesday, January 27, 2009

Real $$$ with Discounts !

Image via WikipediaMeet your new best friend - Discounts!

Now, I have a confession to make here - until my experiments started, I never asked for discounts. At minimum, Discounts are supposed to reduce the cost of your consumption. However, they do more than that. By reducing the cost of consumption, they leave more money that can earn interest. Also, dollar for dollar, every time you forgo a discount you could have used in 5 minutes, you have depleted more than one whole YEAR's accumulated after-tax interest.

If you are a skeptic - like I was - let me tell you how I was convinced.

First, I realized that in a 5 minute transaction, if I get a discount on $1 of say 10% (the usual discount amount), I would have saved 10 cents. Not worth the effort, right? No, actually.

For one, it's very straightforward to get a discount, so it's not really a bother.

For two, and this was the clincher for me, I thought to myself, well, how long does it take me to get 10 cents worth of interest on $1? Well, as it turns out, its much longer than 5 minutes. It can even be longer than a year. That's right ONE WHOLE YEAR. That's because the majority of after tax interest rates of saving are less than 10%. So, here came my "aha moment" when I realized that by not asking for a discount, I was negating all the interest I was earning. No, that would not do.

For three, the more money that stays in my saving account that is not spent earns interest so why not reduce the cost of consumption if I can.

Let me tell you about my discount experiment:

Because I have car insurance with NEM (in Jamaica), I am provided with a JAA card.
Full Disclosure: I work with JNBS, the parent of NEM and JAA.

Now, JAA stands for the Jamaica Automobile Association (it is affiliated with the International Automobile Associations ). JAA has discount partners with more than two hundred (yes, 200) merchants with discounts ranging from 5%-55%! See list here.

I wanted to see how the discount program worked so one Saturday afternoon a few weeks ago, I went to my regular pharmacy for an item. They had it and the cost was J$500. However, my regular pharmacy was not listed as a JAA Discount Partner - that means I could not use my JAA card. So, I went to the next nearest pharmacy listed as a JAA Discount Partner. They had the item and it was the same price as my regular pharmacy.

Great, I thought! 10% off means I save J$50. In 5 minutes, I would have saved myself what it takes more than one whole year to earn in after-tax interest on savings on a J$500 deposit. AND, if I save J$50, I can continue to earn interest on the J$50. Now, I was really excited.

But alas, there was a hitch. I asked a store employee if I could use the JAA card for my discount and was told no. I said "But, there's a sign on the door". There was. But maybe she didn't remember or was new. So, luckily I had carried my list from the JAA (a multiple page document outlining all the discount partners and the amount of the discount) and showed her that the pharmacy was listed. She was most gracious and agreed to provide me with the discount. So, after my bill rung up, I paid it, said thanks and headed to the door.

Now, I couldn't wait to see the bill as evidence of my experiment! And here's where I learned another lesson: Always Check Your Bills and Receipts. When I checked my bill, my discount was there - but it was on J$750, not J$500. So, I got a $75 discount, but the item had cost me $675 when it should have cost me $450 with my $50 discount on $500. I had paid more than the original $500! Frankly, I was deflated. This was not the way this experiment was supposed to go. BUT, I had learned to check the receipt.

So, I went back to the store employee and asked what caused the price difference. Turns out it was an error and the adjustment was made so that I was charged the price I saw for the item. So I got my discount, and had paid less - that was the point of the experiment and I had achieved it!

Bottom line: You can save some real money immediately by using discounts! Dollar for dollar in 5 minutes, the cost of NOT using a discount can exceed one whole YEAR's worth of accumulated after-tax interest. If you get a discount, the money saved can continue to earn interest! Even if there may be a problem, persist because it is worth it.

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If you are in Jamaica, a JAA card provides a network of approximately 200 local discount partners with discounts ranging from 5% to 55%. It has other benefits too, including overseas discount benefits but let's focus on the local discounts for tonight. Click here .Chances are you will find something on this list already relevant to your daily life. Although the merchants can change at any time - and some of the new ones have not yet been updated on the website, the categories are listed below and I have linked each one to the JAA website so you can see the current list. Click below and see the merchants!!

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Additionally, if you are a member of Jamaica National Building Society (that means you have any kind of savings account with the Society), you have similar access to the 200 discount partner network. Click here. There are slight differences from the JAA list. To get the discount, you need to show your JN 24/7 ABM card. Chances are you will find something on this list already relevant to your daily life. Although the merchants can change at any time - and some of the new ones have not yet been updated on the website, the categories are listed below and I have linked each one to the JNBS website so you can see the current list:

Two simple little cards - a JAA Card and a JNBS 24/7 (ATM card) - are a great place to start to get those extra $$$$! You can get a JAA card by insuring with NEM, or purchasing membership directly from the JAA (see rates here). Keep a savings account linked to JN 24/7 ATM/Debit Card and receive your card to show for discounts!

Let's talk about benefits and rewards tomorrow!